International Institute of
A Cybersecurity Risk Assessment Process for Model-Based Industry 4.0 Development
Kern, Matthias; Glock, Thomas; Pazmino Betancourt, Victor; Liu, Bo; Sax, Eric; Becker, Jürgen (Germany)
ABSTRACT:
Cybersecurity risk assessments are important to define a well-justified
cybersecurity concept that regards the trade-off between security, costs,
and performance. Heading toward Industry 4.0 (I4.0), plants get connected
with an increasing amount of sensors and functionalities that have more
and more communication interfaces and paths. This leads to a growing
cybersecurity attack surface and a higher complexity compared to current
plants. Today, a well-structured course of action for a cybersecurity
risk assessment is missing in the domain I4.0. Therefore, in this paper,
a cybersecurity risk-assessment process containing an asset- , a threat-
and an attack-analysis with adapted methodologies from other domains
is proposed and the necessary terms for the approach are introduced.
Furthermore, a model-based approach is proposed and its prototypical
implementation supporting the proposed cybersecurity risk assessment
process. Finally, the evaluation of the approach was done by applying
it to an industrial use-case.
A Novel Application of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Waste Material as a to Replace Membrane in Microbial Fuel Cell Treating Actual Potato Chips Processing Wastewater
Ismail, Zainab Z.; Radeef, Ahmed Y. (Iraq)
ABSTRACT:
The microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a modern technique for treating wastewater,
which is normally use a membrane in its conventional design. However,
the cost of membrane in some countries in addition to the problems of
fouling associated with some complex types of wastewaters led to search
for new alternatives such waste materials.
In this study, a piece of waste PVC wall cover material was used as
a separator between the anodic and cathodic compartments in a dual-chamber
microbial fuel cell fueled with actual potato chips processing wastewater
(PCPW). The performance of membrane-less MFC was evaluated in terms
of the power generation and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal. The
results revealed that the membrane-less MFC achieved high removal efficiency
of COD concentration up to 99%. The pH value was used for monitoring
the performance of PVC separator and the results revealed a very good
performance associated with relatively high current and power densities
of 560.8 mA/m2 and 181.1 mW/m2, respectively obtained
with relatively lower internal resistance of 45 Ω.
A Security Assessment of Public Libraries: Risk of Loss due to Breach and Ransomware
McCrea, Amber; Lincke, Susan J. (United States)
ABSTRACT:
According to the Ponemon Institute’s 2018 Cost of a Data Breach Study,
churn rate, or the potential amount of customer abnormal turnover after
a data breach is the single critical driver in data breach records valuation.
Public libraries are particularly vulnerable to churn rate as their
funding is determined by the number of people they serve. This study
evaluates the public library industry’s potential ability to handle
a data breach by surveying library staff, examining library policies,
and the institution’s willingness to purchase cyber insurance. To understand
the potential impact on a public library, the study also examines the
three documented ransomware attacks that were published about public
libraries in the past two years.
A Survey on Computational Intelligence Techniques in User Identity Management
Nag, Abhijit Kumar; Dasgupta, Dipankar (United States)
ABSTRACT:
User identity is a critical part to secure legitimate access to protect
personal information. In recent years, computational intelligence (CI)
plays a significant role to innovate various authentication approaches
to enhance this identity management. In this survey paper, various computational
identity verification techniques are discussed and how these techniques
provide enhanced security in different levels are highlighted. Moreover,
a good comparison of various authentication techniques is illustrated
in this paper to reflect the overall current research direction in the
areas of computational intelligence in the user identity management
system.
Active Noise Control Proposal for Rotating Machines
Calderón, Jesús A.; Tafur, Julio C.; Barriga, Eliseo B.; Lozano, John H. (Peru)
ABSTRACT:
Rotating machines are absolutely used in many engineering tasks, such
as “Energy transmission” given by compressors, turbines, pumps. However,
these machines produce high decibels of noise, for this reason is necessary
to attenuate noise by many mechanisms as passive criterion, but that
cannot get good response under low frequencies domain or under disturbances.
Therefore, in this research is proposed an active mechanism supported
that is controlled by “Least Mean Square” (LMS) strategies to get noise
attenuation in 3 dimension space, furthermore a “Vibration Control Analysis”
by sensors based in nanostructures was realized.
Aircraft Pitch Control Using LQR
Moin, Lubna; Waleed, Khalid (Pakistan)
ABSTRACT:
This paper presents a brief description of Linear Quadratic Regulator
(LQR) approach in control system and as a design example aircraft pitch
is controlled using LQR and integral action with brief description of
aircraft pitch system model, transfer function and state space representation.
Assessing Water Quality Characteristics of pH and Biochemical Oxygen Demand (CBOD) of Public Utility using Statistical Quality Control (SQC)
Blevins, Nathaniel Bryce; Segall, Richard S.; Choppari, Sharanya (United States)
ABSTRACT:
This paper is a continuation of previous research supervised by co-author
Segall that appeared in Akarapu et al. (2016a, 2016b) at WMSCI 2016.
This research studies in depth only two of the characteristics of water
quality for actual 2016 data collected for a water treatment plant located
in United States where the previous studies Akarapu et al. (2016a, 2016)
studied five characteristics of water quality for 2014 data for the
same water treatment plant. The two water quality characteristics studied
in-depth with this paper with a more recent data set for the same water
treatment plant are pH and Carbonaceous Biochemical Oxygen Demand (CBOD).
Discussions of the analyses are presented as obtained using Minitab
17 and Minitab 18.
Assessment of Critical Infrastructure for Air Transport in the Czech Republic
Šustr, Martin *; Főző, Ladislav **; Soušek, Radovan *; Němec, Vladimír *; Řeha, David *; Novák, Martin *; Endrizalová, Eva *; Mrázek, Petr *; Zharkova, Viktoria *; Strrádal, Oktavián * (* Czech Republic, ** Slovakia)
ABSTRACT:
The transport system is an integral part of the national economy. The
same situation is in the European Union and in the Czech Republic. The
specific elements in the transport system are such so rare and difficult
to replace. The disruption of element or destruction of it, would have
a significant impact in the state as a result of the failure those functions.
That includes effects resulting from cross-sector dependencies on other
types of infrastructure. On the other hand legislative forgets on the
critical infrastructure in the regions and in the smaller administrative
units. This short paper describes the situation in the field of air
transport critical infrastructure for regions. The paper also briefly
shows possible solutions at the legislative level.
Building Information Modeling - BIM to Assist the Decision-Making Process for Real Estate Investments
Baracho, Renata Maria Abrantes; Soares, Bruno Cesarino; Bonatti, Rogério Amaral; Porto, Marcelo Franco; Franco, José Ricardo Queiroz (Brazil)
ABSTRACT:
This work presents the development of a multicriteria method to evaluate
real estate investments based on Building Information Modeling (BIM).
Information on possibilities in construction, renovation, expansion,
acquisition or rental of buildings is used to enable a decision-making
process. The BIM digital models contain building information from planning,
execution and as-built. The model contains the different representations
of top, front view, plants and internal cuts besides the volume. The
elements are refined and have the digital representation of data or
information of a real estate business project and bring diverse possibilities
of analysis. The choice among the available undertakings and the investments
to be made is a complex problem that involves relationships between
the goals and criteria of each project. The proposed method classifies
the undertakings projects using objective criteria based on information
automatically obtained from the digital models. It also considers intangible
criteria, which are subjective evaluations based on the experience of
specialists in the area. This comparative method among project alternatives
has proven to be feasible and quite useful, as shown in the case study
presented, and it can be further improved by developing a recommender
system based on historical data from previous evaluations.
Burndown Alternatives to Raising a Team’s Progress Estimate Precision
Mendes, Luana; Ventura, Thiago; Takagi, Nilton; Vecchiato, Daniel; Gomes, Raphael; Silva, Thais (Brazil)
ABSTRACT:
This paper brings the development of new alternatives for the Burndown,
a graphic tool used to monitor and follow-up a project. In its traditional
form this graphic estimates linear wane of the development in each cycle
of a project. The problem comes up when the team does not have a development
pace as linear as the graphic draws. To solve this problem, it has been
proposed three new versions for this tool: the first one sums up 70%
of the points still waiting for validation; the second one also sums
up 70% of the points still waiting for validation plus 70% of the points
from tasks that have been tested but needed a few changes; the last
one proposes a parabola instead of a linear line. To test those adaptations,
the alternatives have been used in a project for 12 cycles. During testing
period data from the development of this project was collected and used
on those new graphics to prove which is the best option. The results
show the traditional Burndown as the less effect to represent the team’s
progress and parabola estimate was the one with the lowest rate of error.
Construction and Management of Fingerprint Database with Estimated Reference Locations for WiFi Indoor Positioning Systems
Aung, Myat Hsu; Tsutsui, Hiroshi; Miyanaga, Yoshikazu (Japan)
ABSTRACT:
In this paper, we propose a positioning system for indoor environments
based on WiFi fingerprint methods. In fingerprint methods, the database
construction is important for the position estimation performance. We
created the fingerprint database by gathering pairs of media access
control (MAC) addresses and received signal strength indicator (RSSI)
at each estimate reference location. In this proposed method, reference
devices are moving at a constant speed with a simple direction that
can be estimated the location of each reference point. The multiple
data sets are collected in same areas to create the fingerprint database.
The location of reference points are slightly different with each other.
We use the mean-shift clustering algorithm to get merged reference points
from the multiple data sets. We manage to update the database using
the user’s input data in different time duration. We created four types
of fingerprint database and evaluated the user’s position estimation.
The results show that the user’s position can be estimated with an average
accuracy error of 1.8 m.
Control Algorithm Proposal for a Hybrid Active Magnetic Bearing System with Variable Load
Lozano, John H.; Tafur, Julio C.; Calderón, Jesús A. (Peru)
ABSTRACT:
The transmission of movement by the motor to a mechanical system is
because of rotor joined with mechanical bearings such as in context
of compressors, pumps, turbines; that by their design and structure
generates deficiencies as heating due to friction, which needs a constant
use of lubricants.
For this reason, the mechanical bearings are replaced by magnetic bearings,
in order to avoid friction because there is not mechanical contact between
the magnetic bearings and the rotor. Otherwise, magnetic bearings enhance
efficiency such as speed of rotation due to eliminating vibrations.
The active magnetic bearing (AMB) looks for positioning a rotor when
forces and torque break the mechanical movement equilibrium also its
stability. Therefore, this work according to the algorithm proposed
tries to achieve precision control position as dependence of requirements
parameters like response time, overshoot and error in steady state.
Cyberwarfare: A Risk Assessment for Isolating Electricity SCADA Systems
Austin, Johnny; Lincke, Susan (United States)
ABSTRACT:
Protecting the number one asset for electric utilities companies would
be ensuring that at all times the electric grids are functioning properly
and getting power to their customers. As technology has advanced it
has provided SCADA systems the ability to give utility facilities the
opportunity to automate their systems that monitor and regulate electrical
grids. During this time, the SCADA systems were not connected to any
external networks and they operated on their own internal network. Because
of this, the only risk would be internal, e.g., a negligent or disgruntled
employee or system failure. As the smart grid evolves, utility companies
will interconnect their SCADA systems to an external network as the
Internet of Things. This opportunity also comes with new vulnerabilities,
such as, the possibility of an external attack by someone not on the
site of the facility via a cyber-attack. Currently, the risks associated
with the vulnerabilities of utilities facilities targeted by opposing
governments in cyber warfare and criminal organizations is becoming
a concern. This research provides a quantitative analysis on the risks
associated with attacks on utilities facilities’ SCADA systems, to address
the requirements for isolation on separate networks, with highly protected
access to external networks.
Development of Management Cloud Software for Overlay Network
Naito, Katsuhiro; Tanaka, Kohei; Yamamoto, Naoki; Murate, Ryota; Mori, Hiroto; Kurata, Ayumu; Tanaka, Kensuke (Japan)
ABSTRACT:
Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) are the new trend to collaborate service
among the Internet of Thing (IoT) devices. The principal mechanism is
controlling or monitoring by computer-based algorithms and integration
among users and devices. Since CPS is a distributed system, communication
among devices is strictly essential to realize an integrated service.
The current traditional Internet has some issues about inter-connectivity
among devices due to Network Address Port Translation (NAPT), different
IP standards, etc. As a result, the current system usually employs a
client-server model because a server is always accessible from any clients.
However, the scalability of the client-server model will reach the limitation
due to the enormous number of CPS devices. The authors have designed
a new overlay network technology for cyberphysical communication called
CYber PHysical Overlay Network over Internet Communication (CYPHONIC).
CYPHONIC can provide end-to-end accessibility and IP mobility over IPv4
and IPv6 networks and realizes secure inter-communication among nodes
based on Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN). This paper designs the
detail implementation of the simple prototype system that supports a
basic communication mechanism of CYPHONIC. The prototype system consists
of a cloud service for an authentification and an end-node management,
and an endnode. It also provides the accessibility to IPv4 private networks
from the Internet even if a NAPT router blocks incoming packets from
the Internet. The evaluation results show that the prototype cloud service
can handle increased signaling requests from the end-nodes.
Establishing a National CERT/CISRT in Egypt
Hashem, Sherif (Egypt)
ABSTRACT:
This paper highlights the lessons learned while establishing and developing
a national computer emergency readiness team for Egypt, namely EGCERT.
We discuss the role played by EG-CERT in supporting national cybersecurity
initiatives, especially the Supreme Cybersecurity Council, and in launching
the national cybersecurity strategy with participation from key sectors.
We emphasize the importance of cooperation and knowledge exchange at
the national, regional and international levels, while developing and
implementing cybersecurity initiatives. Responsiveness, transparency,
dedication and perseverance are key to the success of national CERT/CISRTs
in carrying out their cybersecurity related mission, while confidentiality,
integrity, and the team spirit are key to earn the trust of their constituents
as well as of their peers in the professional community nationally and
internationally.
Event Reconstruction Algorithm Proposal to Study Sensors Elaboration Based on Nanostructures
Calderón, Jesús A.; Tafur, Julio C.; Barriga, Eliseo B.; Lozano, John H. (Peru)
ABSTRACT:
In this work is proposed a general algorithm to design event reconstruction of chemical/physical process to elaborate nanostructures through anodization in small pieces of aluminum, in order to get Aluminum Oxide (AAO) simples ready to be characterized, furthermore to be integrated as sensors of physical variables. By studying the evolution of border’s curves composed of figures from AAO sample, which is captured through Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) is possible to make an integration in 3 dimensions (3D), furthermore the 3D figure obtained can be explained through mathematical model to estimate its geometrical evolution after physical/chemical reactions.
In this work, there are analyzed images from every stage of the process to elaborate nanostructures based on AAO templates, such as for example the following sequence: image before cleaning process, images before electro polishing, images before anodization process; and finally, images after anodization which are expected to obtain a kind of nanostructures. Every image were processed studying [1], [8] in order to obtain a mathematical equation as reference to understand the geometry of the 3D structure based on its 2D image for every stage. By other side, with this information and processing every stage image, it was achieved a mathematical equation to describe the geometry of the structure between stages by “Optimal Prediction analysis” that is so important to get understanding of the structure geometry with internal process.
[1] Ahmed Al-Haddad (2015). Dimensional Dependence of the Optical Absorption Band Edge of TiO2 Nanotube Arrays beyond the Quantum Effect.
[8] Yong Lei, Weiping Cai Highly ordered nanostructures with tunable size, shape and properties: A new way to surface nano-patterning using ultra-thin alumina masks. (2006)
From Business Intelligence to Augmented Analytics, How Organizations Cope with the Big Data Influx
Cherinka, R.; Prezzama, J.; Edwards, D. (United States)
ABSTRACT:
In this paper, we describe the emerging landscape of using Business
Intelligence and Augmented Analytics to help drive business value for
an organization. We discuss how situational awareness combined with
mission or business context can better support impactful decision making.
In particular, we highlight how enhanced analytics can be useful in
providing intelligent and more accurate insights that directly impact
decisions. We discuss some of the benefits and challenges associated
with their adoption at length and will provide a public sector case
study as an example highlighting potential ways to mitigate some of
these challenges.
Modulated Predictive Current Control for H-Bridge Active Power Filters
Rodas, Jorge; Gregor, Raúl; Renault, Alfredo (Paraguay)
ABSTRACT:
Finite-control-set model predictive control (FCS-MPC) has become a popular
control strategy for power converters and drives because of its simplicity,
easy inclusion of constraints and fast dynamic response. However, FCS-MPC
has received many criticisms about stability, steady-state error, and
its variable switching frequency. This latter can be considered an important
disadvantage for grid-connected power converters due to the grid current
has widespread harmonic spectrum by using classical FCS-MPC. This paper
tackled this issue by introducing a modulated FCS-MPC strategy for a
three-phase two-level cascaded H-bridge active power filter in order
to provide a constant switching frequency. Theoretical results based
on simulations are provided to show the performance of the proposed
current controller. A comparison between the proposed controller and
the classical FCS-MPC is also presented.
New Flexible OLED of Longer Lifetime
Guedes, Andre F. S.; Tartari, Simone; Cunha, Idaulo J. (Brazil)
ABSTRACT:
The development of Flexible Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED), using
an optically transparent substrate material and organic semiconductor
materials, has been widely utilized by the electronic industry when
producing new technological products. The flexible OLED are the base
Poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-Poly(styrenesulfonate), PEDOT:PSS,
and Polyaniline, PANI, were deposited in Indium Tin Oxide, ITO, and
characterized by UV-Visible Spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Optical Parameters
(OP) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). In addition, the thin film
obtained by the deposition of PANI, prepared in perchloric acid solution,
was identified through PANI-X1. The result obtained by UV-Vis has demonstrated
that the PVDC/ITO/PEDOT: PSS/PANI-X1 layer does not have displacement
of absorption for wavelengths greaters after spin-coating and electrodeposition.
Thus, the spectral irradiance of the flexible OLED informed the irradiance
of 110 W/m2, and this result, compared with the standard Light Emitting
Diode (LED), has indicated that the flexible OLED has higher irradiance.
After 10,000 hours of electrical flexible OLED tests, the appearance
of nanoparticles visible for images by SEM, to the migration process
of organic semiconductor materials, was present, then. Still, similar
to the phenomenon of electromigration observed in connections and interconnections
of microelectronic devices, the results have revealed a new mechanism
of migration, which raises the passage of electric current in flexible
OLED.
Shot Noise in Magnetic Tunnel Junctions
Sverdlov, Viktor; Selberherr, Siegfried (Austria)
ABSTRACT:
Spin-transfer torque magnetoresistive random access memory will potentially
revolutionize microelectronics by introducing nonvolatility not only
in memory circuits but also in logic circuits. One of the pressing issues,
however, is to boost the sensing margin between the two states of logic.
Although spin-dependent trap-assisted tunneling in magnetic tunnel junctions
can increase the tunneling magnetoresistance ratio and thus the sensing
margin, current irregularities resulting in a large shot noise value
may negate the advantages. Surprisingly, strong spin dephasing is shown
to improve the tunneling magnetoresistance ratio, while keeping the
noise level acceptable.
Simulation Analysis on the Differential Steering System of In-Wheel Motor Driven Electric Vehicles
Shi, Peicheng; Xu, Xiaodan; Zhang, Rongyun; Xiao, Ping (China)
ABSTRACT:
To study the differential steering system of in-Wheel motor driven electric
vehicles, the paper built a differential steering analytical expression
and simulation model based on Achermann-Jeantand steering model. The
motor model was given and the equivalent sliding mode speed controller
was designed according to its kinematical equation. A differential steering
control system consisting of a differential steering model, equivalent
sliding mode controller and motor model was set up. Combined with the
actual conditions, a simulation test of the differential steering control
system of in-Wheel motor driven electric vehicles was conducted in the
MATLAB/Simulink environment, and was compared with that in the traditional
PI control system. The simulation results show that the model is correct
and the control system is feasible. The control response time of equivalent
sliding mode control against differential steering system is short,
with small overshoot and strong robustness.
Towards a National Cybersecurity Strategy: The Egyptian Case
Hashem, Sherif (Egypt)
ABSTRACT:
This paper provides background and highlights key efforts towards establishing
and implementing a national cybersecurity strategy for Egypt. We share
experiences in launching national cybersecurity initiatives and developing
the national cybersecurity strategy with participation from key sectors.
We emphasize the importance of cooperation and knowledge exchange at
the national, regional and international levels, while developing and
implementing the national cybersecurity strategy.
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