Foreword
              
Our purpose in the 12th  Multi-Conference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics (WMSCI 2008) is to provide,  in these increasingly related areas, a multi-disciplinary forum, to foster  interdisciplinary communication among the participants, and to support the  sharing process of diverse perspectives of the same transdisciplinary concepts  and principles.
              Systemics, Cybernetics and  Informatics (SCI) are being increasingly related to each other in almost every  scientific discipline and human activity.   Their common transdisciplinarity characterizes and communicates them,  generating strong relations among them and with other disciplines.  They work together to create a whole new way  of thinking and practice.  This  phenomenon persuaded the Organizing Committee to structure WMSCI 2008 as a  multi-conference where participants may focus on one area, or on one  discipline, while allowing them the possibility of attending conferences from  other areas or disciplines. This systemic approach stimulates cross-fertilization  among different disciplines, inspiring scholars, originating new hypothesis,  supporting production of innovations and generating analogies; which is, after  all, one of the very basic principles of the systems’ movement and a  fundamental aim in cybernetics. 
              WMSCI 2008 was organized and  sponsored by the International Institute of Informatics and Systemics (IIIS),  member of the International Federation of Systems Research (IFSR).  IIIS is an organization dedicated to  contribute to the development of the Systems Approach, Cybernetics, and  Informatics potential, using both: knowledge and experience, thinking and  action, for the: 
              
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identification of synergetic relationships among Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics, and between them an society;
                 
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promotion of contacts among the different  academic areas, through the transdisciplinarity of the systems approach;
                 
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identification and implementation of  communication channels among the different professions;
                 
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supply of communication links between the academic  and professional worlds, as well as between them and the business world, both  public and private, political and cultural;
                 
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stimulus for the creation of integrative  arrangements at different levels of society, as well as at the family and  personal levels;
                 
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promotion of transdisciplinary research, both  on theoretical issues and on applications to concrete problems.
                 
              
              These IIIS objectives have  directed the organizational efforts of yearly WMSCI/ISAS conferences since  1995.
              On behalf of the Organizing  Committee, I extend our heartfelt thanks to the 701 members of the Program Committees  (213 members of the WMSCI 2008’s PC and 488 members of the PCs related to the  symposia organized in the context of WMSCI 2008) from 65 countries; to the 763  additional reviewers, from 80 countries; and to the 892 reviewers, from 73  countries, for their efforts in making the non-blind reviews; which contributed  to the quality achieved in WMSCI 2008. A total of 2366 scholars, researchers  and professionals made 5198 reviews, which generated an average of 4.89 reviews  per submission (1064 submissions were received). Each registered author had  access, via the conference web site, to the reviews that recommended the  acceptance of their respective submissions. Each registered author could get  information about: 1) the average of the reviewers evaluations according to 8  criteria, and the average of a global evaluation of his/her submission; and 2)  the comments and the constructive feedback made by the reviewers, who  recommended the acceptance of his/her submission, so the author would be able  to improve the final version of the paper.
              In the organizational process of WMSCI 2008,  about 1064 papers/abstracts were submitted. These pre-conference proceedings include  about 292 papers that were accepted for presentation. The organizers of the invited  sessions accepted about 110 papers from the papers/abstracts submitted directly  to them by the respective authors. Consequently, these pre-conference  proceedings contain a total of 402 papers. I extend our thanks to the invited  sessions’ organizers for collecting, reviewing and selecting the papers that  will be presented in their respective sessions. The submissions were  reviewed as carefully as time permitted, but they were not formally refereed,  it is expected that most of them will appear in a more polished and complete  form in scientific journals.
              We also extend our gratitude  to the focus symposia organizers, as well as to the co-editors of these  proceedings, for the hard work, energy and eagerness they displayed preparing  their respective sessions. We express our intense gratitude to Professor  William Lesso for his wise and opportune tutoring, for his eternal energy,  integrity, and continuous support and advice, as the Program Committee Chair of  past conferences, and as Honorary President of WMSCI 2008, as well as for being  a very caring old friend and intellectual father to many of us.  We also extend our gratitude to Professor  Belkis Sanchez, who brilliantly managed the organizing process.
              Our gratitude to Professors Bela H. Banathy, Stafford Beer,  George Klir, Karl Pribram, Paul A. Jensen, and Gheorghe Benga who dignified our  past WMSCI conferences by being their Honorary Presidents. We also extend our  gratitude to Drs. Dale W. Lick, H. John Caulfield, Louis H. Kauffman, Stuart  A. Umpleby, Gary Metcalf, Yaroslav Sergeyev, Ranulph Glanville, Karl H. Müller, and Subhas  C Misra for accepting to address the audience of the  General Joint Plenary Sessions with keynote  conferences, as well as to Professors Dale Zinn, Michael Savoie, Jorge Baralt, Sushil Archaya, Hsing-Wei Chu, Andrés  Tremante, Friedrich Welsch, Thierry Lefevre, José Vicente Carrasquero, Angel Oropeza,  and Freddy Malpica for chairing and supporting the organization of the focus  symposia and conferences in the context of, or collocated with, WMSCI 2008. We  also wish to thank all the authors for the quality of their papers.  
              We also extend our gratitude  to Maria Sanchez, Juan Manuel Pineda, Juan Pinto, Dalia Sánchez, Riad Callaos  and Marcela Briceño for their knowledgeable effort in producing the hard copy  and CD versions of the proceedings.
              Professor Nagib C. Callaos 
                        WMSCI 2008 Conference General Chair